Legal system and method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lawful framework and technique - Essay Example Four Judges heard the case as there were two interests heard together. They were heard together as the two of them included translation of area 3 of the Homicide Act 1957. 3. Which judge led the seat and passed on the judgment? Compose a short historical note on this adjudicator, including his later vocation. What dubious articulation did he make about Sharia law, in 2008? Name and date three out-of court-addresses made by this appointed authority. How might you sum up his perspectives on human rights? Ruler Phillips CJ led and conveyed the judgment. Nicholas Addison Phillips was conceived in 1938 and had his training at Bryanston School, Blandofrd, Dorset and Kings College, Cambridge. He served in Royal Navy. He was selected into the bar in 1962 and began his legal assistance as a Recorder in 1982. After his stretch as a High Court judge in 1987 and an intrigue court judge in 1995, he turned into a Lord of advances in 1999 and Master of the Rolls at the Court of Appeal, Civil divisi on in June 2000. During his residency, he heard interests of General Augusto Pincohet, previous despot of Chile and decided that he was not qualified for insusceptibility from removal. He managed notable preliminaries including the interests from Maxwell siblings and Barlow Clowes, a venture organization. He additionally led the BSE enquiry and reasoned that an opportune activity by the legislature would have forestalled the spread of the malady. Known for his effortlessness of cycling to court, he is hitched to Cristylle Marie-Therese Rouffiac and has two children.1,2. During his discourse before the London Muslim Council on 3 July 2008, he communicated that he was agreeable to Sharia law being presented in England and Wales furnished it didn't strife with the laws of the nation or didn't bring about extreme disciplines being forced. Including that there had been across the board misguided judgment about Sharia law in England, he upheld that it could be utilized for elective questi on goals structures, for example, intercession and intervention other than use of the Sharia law to marriage conventions. He likewise invited presentation of Islamic money related items. 3. Master Phillip’s three out of court talks: 1) â€Å"The Supreme Court And Other Constitutional Changes In The UK† before â€Å"Members Of The Royal Court The Jersey Law Society and Members Of The States Of Jersey â€Å" at The Royal Court St Helier Jersey second May 2008. 2) â€Å"Lord Mayor’s Dinner for the Judges† at the Mansion House on 15 July 2008. 3) â€Å"Equality under the steady gaze of the Law† at East London Muslim Center on 3 July 2008. Ruler Phillip has said that Human Rights are not hampering the endeavors of the administration to battle against fear based oppression. He reminds that Britain has invited outcasts from everywhere throughout the world after the World War II to promise them security from infringement of their human rights. â€Å"The alleged 'war against fear mongering' isn't so much a military as an ideological fight. Regard for human rights is a key weapon in that ideological battle.†4 4. Who was the subsequent positioning appointed authority for the situation? What was his job at that point? What is his activity now? Compose a short true to life note on him. What is his uncommon relationship with Kingston University? Name and date three out-of-court talks made by this adjudicator. What is his notoriety on condemning? Second positioning appointed authority was Justice Poole. Sir David Anthony Poole was conceived on 8 June 1938 and passed on 18 June 2006 in the blink of an eye

Introduction to Management Essay

1. Presentation This report will examine about organization foundation, nation foundation, SWOT investigation, Pest examination, Porter’s investigation and give proposals. At this report the brand picked is Louis Vuitton. Louis Vuitton Mattenier otherwise called Louis Vuitton and abbreviate to LV. The Louis Vuitton mark was established by Vuitton in 1854 on Rue Nueve Des Capucines in Paris, France. Just as the home office its self which situated in Paris. Louis Vuitton is French house style structure around then which getting one of the world’s significant brand with 40% productive (Constant, 2012). 2. Organization Background Louis Vuitton is one of the most valuable’s brand in its classification which is Luxury in products. Its items incorporates of cowhide merchandise, purses, trunks, shoes, watches, gems and adornments. A large portion of individuals enhanced with the LV monogram which planned by notable planner and effectively observable with straightforward live style as the thought. Louis Vuitton with a brand Value of $28.4 Billions in USD with a deals of $9.4 Billions (Reuters, 2013). 3. Nation Background Louis Vuitton central command is situated in Paris, they had open numerous outlets all around the globe and Singapore have 3 major outlets and the most recent which situated in Marina Bay Sands that open novel â€Å"island† store that will â€Å"float† on the water. Singapore it’s a created nation which likewise draw in visitor from different nations to drop by as a voyager just as customer. The three outlets can be found in Takashimaya, ION and Marina Bay sands. 4. SWOT Analysis Swot examination are the abbreviate expressions of Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. SWOT examination are essentially utilized for an organization to construct their outlets/industrial facility in abroad to broaden their items and benefits. 4.1 Strength Brand Value ( the brand is one of the most established style houses with over 150 years) Easily unmistakable (the logo and monogram) The brand has it own outlets in the majority of the enormous strip mall. Notable Designer Custom Tailored accessible for tip top clients 4.2 Weakness The Shops just accessible in selective stores making it hard for creating nations The most costly value contrast with different contenders Once in a while to offer limits to clients 4.3 Opportunities The organization needs to make new current design patterns Huge market for extravagance merchandise Big name attractions Cooperative energy between brands/merger 4.4 Threats Money related emergency Contenders Expanded market for fake items Assets are diminishing 5. Vermin examination 5.1 Political and lawful The counter duplicating exchange understanding (ACTA) intends to build up and worldwide legitimate structure for focusing on fake products. Where as in Singapore has gotten one of the greatest shopping nation in Asia, besides Singapore is a Bureaucratic nation and incredibly concentrated, with 17% corporate assessment, less expense systems; financial specialists are not subject toâ capital gains charge, profit charge, and outside trade controls (Mehamer, 2013). On august 9 1965 Singapore became and autonomous country and reliably expanded their economy, by keeping up their profitability with a steady government and has serious laws set up and because of exacting administration and related fines less defilement, proficient and straightforward government. Singapore has positioned the first in the worldwide empowering exchange file and 18 FTA with exchanging accomplices their exchange arrangement. 5.2 Economic Singapore itself have a solid economy insights. It was recorded and the information appeared as intrigue rate:0.2%, Growth rate; 6.90%, Jobless Rate 2.10% and GDP per Capita $37,293 (Mehamer, 2013). This enormous record shows that Singapore have solid premise economy in their legislature. Louis Vuitton with a deals of 7.2 billions out of 2012 were associated with Singapore Trade to GDP proportion of 270.8%, and high reliance on worldwide market patterns and changes in full scale economy. 5.3 Socio-Cultural Singapore resident with phenomenal instruction and social insurance (Sirikan C, 2013). Proficiency pace of 92.5% and a performing multiple tasks language where they lived as a worldwide nation that bolsters each resident to communicate in 2 dialects, as their primary language is Mandarin or English. A noteworthy level of non-occupants who lived in Singapore with a Gini coefficient record of 48.1 shows that Singaporean can without much of a stretch adjust with remote where the representative of the organization can associate with clients conduct and advance their items transfer on their societies conduct and distinction. 5.4 Technological In the last several years prior, innovation in Singapore has an enormous advanced of their needs. The development of innovation encourages Louis Vuitton to speak with their central station, due the difference in cash, items discharge, exchanges and supports increasingly proficient. Moreover it give an immense effect for the two organizations and nations to safe their occasions to deal with their necessities. Though Singapore had become a created nation the difference in innovation to reestablish their materials utilize its not issue for them to follow the world tradeâ business. 6. Porter’s Analysis Porter’s Five Forces Examination 6.1 Threat of New Entrants LOW; Contender : GUCCI, Yves Saint-Lauren, Channel, Bally. Gems; Montblanc, Bulgari, Cartier, Officine Panerai. Despite the fact that LVMH have a solid numerous contenders Luxury merchandise, LVMH offer a solid and exceptional in their items, for example, top notch items, well assistance for each client and brand esteem. Besides, LVMH has no concerns with their rivals they have a dedicated clients who consistently purchased the items and promote to their companions, longstanding promise to quality and Investment required would be very huge for the individuals who do organizations. Other than that for another merchandise brands wont give an effect on LVMH (Dang, 2013). 6.2 Bargaining Power’s of Suppliers LOW; For a major organization LVMH have a Suppliers and subcontractors are required to conform to severe natural rules. Where LVMH needs bunches of materials they will have numerous offers which the organization produce the materials with the least arrangements and most excellent needs (Dang, 2013). 6.3 Bargaining Powers of Customers LOW; With marked name and worth clients had gotten the most faithful of organizations purchasers, from the experience that they at any point had, has fabricate the trust and set their psyche become a dedicated purchaser. Design is a pattern with a solid name LVMH has placed their items into the top levels and Louis Vuitton items are never discounted. 6.4 Threats of Substitute Products LOW; Prominent extravagance merchandise LVMH brands have top notch items separations and accept. 6.5 Rivalry Among Competitors Moderate; In each organization will consistently have their own rivals for this situation LVMH are working in Luxury ventures in a major scale to have a contenders will consistently be a positive things to brought new thoughts and patterns, in truth contenders don't sell precisely same items and distinctive brand esteem (Dang, 2013). 7. Suggestions To make LV all the more speaking to the customers, a few results of the brand can be made accessible just in little amounts, by constraining its creation of specific items every once in a while, or delivering uncommon release of a similar tote in various markets. LV item could turn out to be much progressively premium, Create items for assortment of constrained versions, exhaust the pattern by expanding the notoriety by adverstiment. Open their outlets store just in very good quality shopping centers all around the globe. To turn out to be increasingly premium in their items LVMH may consider to concentrating its plan of action to creation of calfskin merchandise just turning out to be pro to their greatest advantage. 8. Ends Louis Vuitton is one of the main style patterns businesses on the planet which has noteworthy consistently. Louis Vuitton will consistently have their dependable clients where they purchased their new items, with a solid brand esteem LVMH has no concerns with their rivals. Then again due the difference in time they need to consider with their assets that year by years will diminished their materials. Louis Vuitton will place more worry on their shortcoming in both inner and outside put them in the more elevated level of extravagance merchandise advertise. They may consider to converge with other organization in various items offer to increment and affix their deals. Working in Luxury markets deals is steady occupations and it wasn’t simple yet they need to stable their deals and increment the incentive to turn into a superior brand Reference List Consistent, J. (2012, 11 02). lvmh. Recovered 01 14, 2014, from Louis Vuitton: http://www.lvmh.com/financial specialist relations/lvmh initially/official board of trustees/ Reuters, T. (2013, 11 02). World’s Most Valueable Brands. Recovered 01 14, 2014, from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/organizations/louis-vuitton/ Mehamer, C. (2013, 09 13). http://prezi.com/bin1bd1_2zt1/bother investigation. Recovered 01 29, 2014, from http://prezi.com/bin1bd1_2zt1/bug investigation Sirikan C, r. (2013, 07 28). A Cultural and Economic Analysis of Singapore for settling on Market Entry Decisions. Recovered 01 29, 2014, from Slide Share: http://www.slideshare.net/SrikiranCRai1/a-social financial examination of-singapore-for-production showcase section choices Darn, A. W. (2013, 01 23). Louis Vuttion Moet Hennessy Presentation. Recovered 01 29, 2014, from SlideShare: http://www.slideshare.net/mraldang/louis-vuttion-moet-henness

Eulalia! A Mossflower Memory

Eulalia! A Mossflower Memory This is a guest post from Troy L. Wiggins. Troy is from Memphis, Tennessee. He was raised on a steady diet of comic books, fantasy fiction, and role-playing games. His short fiction and essays have appeared or are forthcoming in Griots: Sisters of the Spear, Long Hidden: Speculative Fiction From the Margins of History, The Mash-Up Americans, The Afrikana Review, Literary Orphans, and Memphis Noir. He currently resides in Memphis with his wife and their tiny expuptriate. Follow him on Twitter  @TroyLWiggins. ____________________ The end of my eighth-grade year was marked by two things: June’s hateful summer sun, and afternoon rides on buses that whined and belched like Jurassic sauropods. I despised those buses, with their emissions and squeals and oddly stained plastic seats. They would rumble down one of my hometown’s major streets, stopping just enough times for rowdy groups of middle and high schoolers who frequented the back of the bus to get too loud and catch shouted admonishments from the elders who sat at the front. I could usually be found lurking around the rowdy group, a “good kid” with a decent GPA who played along because it was better to be at the edge than to cross that thin line to outsider status. I had always loved books, though I could never find time to read them on the bus. My parents’ mantle was covered with prizes I had been awarded for my reading prowess. But those same parents, who knew that a young black man spending his time reading books with sword-bearing white people on the cover wasn’t always the most direct path to academic success, had steered my literary consumption in more practical directions. One of my classmates had been engrossed in a book that reminded me of my forbidden reading loves, only instead of white people on the cover, there were mice. His face never left its pagesto the detriment of his math studies. Seeing his enjoyment, I decided to ask him if I could borrow the book for a few days. The closer he got to the end, the more apprehensive I became. Here is where fate first intervenes: The day we found ourselves in detention together (because of missed math homework) was the very day he finished the book. I gave my ask and he told me, with the air of a child who gets everything that he wants and thus doesn’t care about anything in particular, that I could have the book because it was old anyway. That was my introduction to Brian Jacques’ Mossflower, and I went into his hero creature filled world with glee in my heart. I crossed the thin line that day. Unable to deal with the volume at the back of the bus, I moved to the front. Someone made a Rosa Parks joke, but everyone else seemed unbothered. What frightened me next was getting off at the transfer, where all of the toughest and most frightening reform school kids would hang out. Mossflower, however, was more compelling. Would Martin and Gonff escape Tsarmina’s clutches? Was Fortunata a sorceress? I kept reading because I had to know. There was a bench at the transfer, stained with the sins of high school children. I sat there, book in hand, barrelling through the eventual prison break, and followed along as a group of woodland creatures fomented a revolution. I was completely engrossed despite my teenage fears. At least, until fate decided to interrupt me once again. The girl that sat down next to me smelled like Now and Laters and hair products. Her school uniform was in a state of disarray, and her lips were plump with gloss. Two friends flanked her, equally stunning with their braids, jewelry, and candy scents. I prayed that they couldn’t hear my teeth chattering. “What you reading?” the ringleader asked, genuinely interested. She made popping noises with her gum because she could. “A book,” I replied (Stupid!), holding it up so that she could see the cover. She studied it for a moment. In the background, her friends were engaged in a discussion about which of the boys currently crossing the street was the most handsome. “That’s a weird looking book,” she said. My heart dropped to my feet, either because she had deemed my book strange or because she disapproved of me as a cluster of breathing cells. “What’s it about?” “It’s like an adventure story,” I said, somewhat surprised that I was able to form sentences. “This mouse gets locked up in a dungeon by an evil queen. The queen’s a wildcat. He and his friend break out of jail, and there’s probably going to be a big fight where they break the other folks out of the dungeon too, and save the woodlands.” “For real? My cousin is in jail. I wish somebody would break him out.” She looked at me for a moment, and I tried not to melt into a puddle of proteins. “I just came over here to see what you was reading. You looked like it was real good. If I see you after you finish your book, can I borrow it?” “You can have it,” I promised her. She smiled at me, then went to join her friends, sliding on her tough mask and punching one of the handsome boys in the arm. I never saw her again. But every so often, I think on the effect of this moment on the trajectory of my life, and consider reaching out to those who reassured me when I was most afraid of belonging. Before I do, though, I catch myself, and realize that even though the events were important, discovering a book that I loved is what mattered most. Instead of stalking them across social network profiles, I choose to send the two of them silent thanksin whatever strange way one thanks their memories.   ____________________ Book Riot Live is coming! Join us for a two-day event full of books, authors, and an all around good time. Its the convention for book lovers that weve always wanted to attend. So we are doing it ourselves.

Bulimia Nervosa Is A Psychological Eating Disorder, Which

Bulimia Nervosa is a psychological eating disorder, which is considered very dangerous for life. It is described as an abnormal consumption of food in large quantities. After overeating a person has a desire to avoid of gaining weight and can expressly induce vomiting or drink laxatives in order to get rid of the negative consequences of overeating. From psychological point of view Bulimia nervosa is very painful for those who suffer this disease. A bulimic person is well aware that such a constant overeating leads to overweight and health problems and often hides his disorder from others by using such kind of behavior as cleaning stomach and intestines by forcing methods as an attempt to prevent weight gaining and create a†¦show more content†¦( WebMD 2016 ). Causes. There is no reason that can be considered as a cause of Bulimia Nervosa, but the low self -esteem of a person and concerns about his body image and weight are playing a huge role in encouraging the appear ance of such eating disorder. People who are suffering bulimia in most cases have psychological issues , which are connected with their emotions and they are not able to overwhelm those troubles in a healthy way. Overeating for bulimics is an emotional feature, thus they facilitate their depression, anger, stress, and anxiety. There are four basic risk factors of Bulimia Nervosa: Poor body image. It is basically paired with strict dieting. Low self-esteem. Things which promote low self-esteem are depression, perfectionism and critical home environment. Stressful life changes. These are losing of close friend, breakup, issues through puberty or hard adaptation to a new environment. History of trauma or abuse: These can be sexual abuse, childhood neglect, issues with family members or ignorance of loved ones. (WebMD2016). Symptoms. These are common symptoms that a person have bulimia nervosa: †¢ Avoiding eat around other people. Tring to keep in secret the illness. †¢ Hiding food at home. Large amounts of food are often missed. †¢ Usually can occur weight changes. The bulimic may gain or lose weight in shortShow MoreRelatedHow Eating Disorders Affect Health772 Words   |  3 PagesEating Disorders are conditions in which involves irregular eating habits, either insufficient or excessive food, that affects inimical the body’s image and mental health (Wikipedia). It affects men and women of all ages, but it has a greater impact among adolescences and young adults. In the United States, 24 million Americans are battling eating disorders, in which 1 million are males and 23 million are females. An individual who portraits this condition may have an irrational self-image thoughtRead MoreBulimia Nervos A Psychological Disease1186 Words   |  5 PagesBulimia Nervosa Introduction Bulimia nervosa is one kind of most observe digestion disease in which generally person eat large amount of food within short period of time. After taking food ,after person feel eiltty ownself so person try remove the excess food from body or sometime person do the long fasting and excessive amount of exercise (book). However, many author describe bulimia nervosa as a psychological disease (Rushing, Jones, Carney,2003). This disorder moreRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Its Causes1418 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: Eating Disorder Bulimia Nervosa and Its Causes Glemerlin Garcia Mercy College  Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by weight loss behaviors driven by self-evaluations that are dependent on body weight and shape concerns (Dryer, Tyson, Kiernan, 2013). There is a false myth that this disorder is a life choice but it is a serious illness that could cause damage to a person’s eating habits. This disorder became noticeable a few years ago with allRead MoreEssay Bulimia Nervosa1311 Words   |  6 PagesBULIMIA NERVOSA 307.51 (F50.2) Introduction Individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa undertake frequent binge eating, followed by expelling the food, typically by inducing vomiting, but also through exercising and the use of laxative agents, diuretics, and enemas (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The binge eating occurrences are often prompted by a negative perception of one’s body image, temporarily alleviated by the binge eating episode. Since the individual with bulimia nervosa is overanxiousRead MoreComparing the Similarities and Differences Between Anorexia and Bulimia1016 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa are described as psychological eating disorders (Keel and Levitt, 1). They are both characterized by an over evaluation of weight. Despite being primarily eating disorders, the manifestations of bulimia and anorexia are different. They both present a very conspicuous example of dangerous psychological disorders, as according to the South Carolina Department of Health, â€Å"E ating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness† (Eating Order StatisticsRead MoreThe Three Main Types Of Eating Disorders1305 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders The three main types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating, are complex pschyatriac disorders. The classification and diagnosis of each disorder is challenging because diagnostic symptoms and behaviours overlap. These disorders consist of various biological, psychological and sociological factors. They frequently coexist with other illnesses such as depression, substance abuse, or anxiety disorders. (ANAD) Eating disorders are commonly associatedRead MoreEating Disorders : Bulimia Nervosa1383 Words   |  6 PagesBulimia Nervosa â€Å"Up to 30 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder† (Wade, Keski- Rahkonen, Hudson, 1995). There are many factors which contribute to the development of eating disorders including â€Å"biology, emotional health, and societal expectation, and other issues† (â€Å"Diseases and Conditions Bulimia nervosa†). One of the most prominent eating disorders in America and around the globe has been around since the Middle Ages: â€Å"Bulimia is first reliably described amongRead MoreTaking a Look at Eating Disorders1708 Words   |  7 Pages EATING DISORDERS Introduction: Eating disorders are conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits that include excessive or insufficient food eating habits that hampers a person’s mental as well as physical health. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the most common types. Others are binge eating disorder and eating disorder not otherwise specified. Classification: †¢ Anorexia nervosa (AN), †¢ Bulimia nervosa (BN), †¢ Eating disorders not otherwise specified †¢ Binge eating disorderRead MoreEating Disorders Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pagesmentally essential in daily lives. While people have knowledge of severe underdeveloped nutrition in other parts of the world, they fail to realize the malnutrition that may be affecting their own bodies. Every human needs a proper diet with nutrients which provide the individual with energy, structure, and regulation to maintain the body (Smolin and Grosvenor 21-22). In order to lead a healthy lifestyle, a person must also have a healthy body image. However, healthy body images have been rapidly decreasingRead MoreEating Disorders And Eating Disorder1410 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"An eating disorder is about anxiety and control and healing from trauma and food and weight are just the tools of destruction† (Floyd, Mimms, Yelding, 2008). An eating disorder is defined as a severe disturbance in eating behavior. An eating disorder, as defined by our text book for class, is psychological di sturbances that lead to certain physiological changes and serious health complications. The three most common and most easily identifiable forms of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa

The Future Of Politics - 783 Words

THE FUTURE OF POLITICS? IT’S DOWN TO US Politics. Where to begin? I’ve never studied it or anything (I’m more of an International Relations type of girl) but I think it’s important. For me, it’s about more than voting at the ballot box, debates in the House of Commons and making fashionable complaints about politicians etc. It’s about what happens in between that can affect our day-to-day living, from the civil servants who work tirelessly to put laws into effect to the constituency office caseworkers who deal with mountains of requests each day to ensure each person is valued. Above all, ever since participating in the National Citizen Service programme, I particularly love seeing the power of social action being used effectively to change lives for the better, by bringing people together and at times even influencing decision-making at the top. I feel that it’s vital for the younger generation to play a part in how the country is run because, after all, it goes without saying that each iteration of government has an impact on the future that we are going to inherit. Why are we being set up to shoulder economic and environmental burdens we had no role in creating? Tuition fees? Fracking anyone? Makes it all the more worrying that there seem to be so many structural and psychological barriers that stop young people from getting involved and these need to be addressed. This was my inspiration for building a digital platform to redefine youth political engagement: Politicks.Show MoreRelatedThe European Union : International Politics And Its Future Opportunity Essay964 Words   |  4 Pagesconsideration the very definition of the European Union as a global entity, and also the definition of the area of ‘actorness’. 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Superfund Recordkeeping Free Essays

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, (CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, (SARA), provides for the identification, investigation and cleanup of Superfund, hazardous waste sites. Under these Acts, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to recover its response costs from responsible parties after participating in the investigation, cleanup, oversight, enforcement and other required administrative provisions. State agencies which spend CERCLA funds must account for and document all response costs to permit recovery of these costs from responsible parties by EPA and the State. We will write a custom essay sample on Superfund Recordkeeping or any similar topic only for you Order Now Funds may also be provided to the State by EPA under a grant system to undertake Superfund related response activities. State agencies which spend CERCLA grant funds must account for and document all State costs. This manual outlines procedures involved with the expenditure of funds by the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) for CERCLA activities. It sets forth financial management and recordkeeping requirements for Superfund sites and for CERCLA related activities covered by EPA grants. Many of the principles and procedures covered by this manual serve as guidance for non-CERCLA sites, as well, which have the potential for future cost recovery actions. This manual will continue to be updated as new procedures are developed. Documentation procedures involve complex financial management and recordkeeping policies that must be followed to assure cost recovery. These policies are based on regulations and guidance, in part, set forth in: – Code of Federal Regulations, (CFR), Title 40, Part 31, Part 33 and Part 35, Subpart â€Å"O†. – â€Å"State Superfund Financial Management and Recordkeeping Guidance†, 1987, EPA. – OMB Circular No. A-87, † Cost Principles for State and Local Governments†. – Code of Maryland Regulations, (COMAR), Title 21. Key features of the Superfund financial management and recordkeeping policies which are set forth in detail herein in Section D, include: – Documentation of all expenses involved with response or grant-specified activities. – Recovery of â€Å"reasonable and necessary† costs only. – Identification of financial documents, and all other cost related records or agreements which may serve as the basis for determining or authorizing response costs, with the phrase – â€Å"SUPERFUND – DO NOT DESTROY†. – Maintaining timesheets and other financial document originals without alteration after approvals. – Maintenance of a unique file or set of files, either containing hard copies, or electronic images shall be maintained for each Superfund site which shall be identified by a project cost account (PCA) code to permit timely access to site records. Record categories within these files shall be organized in a consistent manner. – Maintenance of additional files, containing backup documentation which provide background and serve as a basis or authorization for costs, should also be maintained. These general files may contain information that is not necessarily site-specific. – Retain original documents for each site, OU or activity. – Electronic records may be acceptable for cost recovery if approved by EPA or Attorney General’s office. – Submitting cost documentation, in response to requests from attorneys or EPA only after, expense related records are reconciled with the cost summary. – Retention of records stamped with the phrase – â€Å"SUPERFUND – DO NOT DESTROY† for at least 10 years following submission of the final Financial Status Report, (FSR), unless otherwise directed by EPA. Records are to be retained longer than 10 years if litigation, claim, cost recovery or other associated action takes place before the end of the 10-year period. – EPA must approve destruction of documents that were required to be saved. Establish Superfund and EPA grant financial management and recordkeeping procedures which: – enable the State to meet legal responsibilities and EPA audit requirements; – document expense related records in a legally acceptable manner; – facilitate accountability and cost recovery; and – provide timely access to site, operable unit and activity related expense information. 1. ERRP – (Environmental, Restoration and Redevelopment Program) ERRP conducts and oversees CERCLA response activities within the Waste Management Administration, (WAS). Its areas of responsibilities cover: – Pre-remedial, remedial, removal and operation maintenance phases. – Response activities which include, but are not limited to, investigations, review and comment on reports, oversight and implementation of response actions, and enforcement actions, and CERCLA activities may be funded under EPA grants/ Cooperative Agreements (CAs). The terms of these grants are negotiated between EPA and the State. The State also uses its own funds in engaging in response activities. Trained staff conduct technical activities associated with investigation, assessment and cleanup, including related activities such as training, travel, and Program development and the like. These employees shall submit timesheets for further processing and record keeping. Time devoted to various response activities is distributed to a number of unique PCA codes within the timesheets, thereby permitting assignment of costs to appropriate sites, OUs and activities. In addition, the technical staff may initiate requisitions such as purchase and travel requests and other financial documents associated with response activities. PCA codes are also used to assign costs for these and other activities as well. Clerical and administrative staff may assist the technical staff in fiscal, timekeeping, purchase requisitions, travel vouchers and record keeping matters. This staff also serves as liaison with other divisions in processing time accountability documents and other requisitions. The Program Administrator of ERRP manages ERRP Program and technical activities and approves all ERRP requisitions. Originators of requisitions must justify the necessity of items requested before approval and must satisfy terms of the grants. Approval, or sign off, by the Program Administrator may be via electronic signature where the Advanced Purchasing Inventory Control System (ADPICS), or a similar system, is used with the Financial Management Information System (FMIS) to process the requisition. FMIS is the computerized statewide accounting system which tracks costs by site, OU and activity, and by grant level. How to cite Superfund Recordkeeping, Essay examples

Life Or Death Essays (1157 words) - Crime, Misconduct,

Life Or Death Murder! Rape! Terrorism! Most consider the people that commit these heinous crimes, but some say these people deserve a second chance. The Debate over the merits of capital punishment has endured for years, and continues to be an extremely complicated issue. Adversaries of capital punishment point to the Marshalls and the Millgards, while proponents point to the Dahmers and Gacys. Capital punishment is the legal infliction of the death penalty on persons convicted of a crime (Cox). It is not intended to inflict any physical pain or any torture; it is only another form of punishment. It is irrevocable because it removes those punished from society permanently, instead of temporarily imprisoning them. The usual alternative to the death penalty is life-long imprisonment. Capital punishment is a method of retributive punishment as old as civilization itself. The death penalty has been imposed throughout history for many crimes, ranging from blasphemy and treason to petty theft and murder. Many ancient societies accepted the idea that certain crimes deserved capital punishment. Ancient Roman and Mosaic law endorsed the notion of retaliation; they believed in the rule of an eye for an eye. Similarly, the ancient Egyptians, Assyrians, and Greeks all executed citizens for a variety of crimes. The most famous people to be executed are Socrates and Jesus. Only in England, during the reigns of King Canute and William the Conqueror was the death penalty not used, although the results of interrogation and torture were often fatal. In looking back to previous societies that relied upon the death penalty, such as ancient Athens and the Roman Empire, one realizes the effectiveness of this sentence and its usefulness as a tool for deterring crime (Pro Death Penalty 3). Although there is no punishment that can entirely eliminate violent crime, a more stringent use of the death penalty would significantly help. Those who are for the death penalty argue the following points: ?Last October, Louisiana executed a man named Ernest Knighton. Knighton had killed a gas station owner during a robbery. Like any murder this was a terrible crime. But it was not premeditated, and is the sort of crime that very rarely results in a death sentence. Why was Knighton electrocuted when everyone else who commits this same crime was not? Was it because he was black?( Bruck,1985, P. 483). According to deathpenalty.org, 54% of death row inmates are black. Why is race always an issue? This man murdered an innocent man and the author is defending him. Thousands of people will attack the death penalty. Victims family should be physically sickened when they think about how monsters gets three meals a day and a bed to sleep in, while someone they loved dearly lies dead in a coffin because of his actions. They will give emotional speeches about the one innocent man or woman who might accidentally get an execution sentence, and certainly that is a serious concern. However, all of these people are forgetting one crucial element. They are forgetting the thousands of victims who die every year by the hands of heartless criminals. There are more murderers out there than people who are wrongly convicted, and that is what we must remember. The Bible can be enterpeted many ways but this is clear ?Whomever sheds a man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed.?(Genesis 9:6) The death p enalty saves lives in that, by executing murderers, you prevent them from murdering again. Why should we let people who have been convicted of murder not be given the same punishment as what they did to their victims? Most convicted murderers and their lawyers plead for life instead of the death penalty. If they were tough enough to rape a little kid they should be tough enough to take the punishment? Those who oppose capital punishment bring to light the following arguments. When committing a serious crime does it occur to the criminal that, if Caught, he/she could be, electrocuted, gassed, or lethally injected? I highly doubt it. So why do people who support the capital punishment call it a deterrent? The death penalty violates constitutional prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment. Although murderers come from all classes, those on death row are almost without exception poor